Basic eHealth Standards

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Basic eHealth Standards

The concept of disease and treatment in medical science is closely related to the study and interpretation of data. Considering the writings and guidelines obtained from the ancient Greek era regarding the interpretation and description of diseases or the modern research of today’s scientists, it is clear that data collection and interpretation of their concepts are one of the main components of the healthcare process. The reason for the great importance of medical data is that they play a fundamental role in healthcare decision-making. In fact, it can be said that all healthcare activities are somehow involved in the collection, analysis and use of data. To make correct and reliable decisions, doctors need data that is stored in a suitable way and can be retrieved at the right time, in the right place and in the right form and structure. However, traditional methods of storing medical records did not cover these needs well, and the shortcomings and inefficiencies of traditional methods (extremely large volume of text data, considerable space occupied by them, slow retrieval with data errors) have always prevented accurate healthcare decision-making and the rapid development of science, despite the many improvements it has had over time. After the emergence of electronic patient health records, health institutions stored and retrieved patient information electronically, but this information could not be transferred and shared with other individuals and institutions. Given that the continuous progress of medical science and its increasing volume and complexity have led to the emergence of various branches and specialties of medical science, the need for information exchange between healthcare providers is becoming more and more important. Healthcare information is usually distributed between different information systems that are either conceptually or structurally incompatible. Communication between health information systems is currently one of the main challenges for increasing the quality of medical practices and patient health. Therefore, to have an effective public health that uses information resources to improve the health of the community, and for the exchange of health data, there is an urgent need for health data standards.

Health data transfer requires a uniform and standardized structure that provides the conditions for data and concepts to be transferred in a way that ensures that the information is transferred to the destination without any omissions or misinterpretations and with confidentiality. The goal of healthcare standards is to improve the level of clinical information collection and exchange between different systems, users and organizations. Today, standards such as HL7 and CEN, which are widely used in the field of healthcare, provide such a data exchange platform and, given the extensive studies they conduct in different domains of healthcare, have provided very suitable solutions for establishing interoperability.
Conceptual interoperability of electronic health systems is an important capability that allows healthcare professionals to manage and review patient electronic health record information independently of which institution has produced what medical information for the patient. Interoperability is a key feature for organizational systems, but achieving this feature seems difficult due to the large number of system components and the heterogeneity of concepts. The importance of interoperability in e-health systems is increasing day by day with the increasing number of health professionals who use computers and electronic devices to improve the quality of services. Advances in medical science and new equipment and treatment methods play a major role in solving human physical and mental problems, but the exchange of these techniques and experiences between professionals takes a long time. A new challenge that has arisen in the field of health and treatment today is to create an environment where information exchange between health professionals can be carried out easily, quickly and with high reliability. This goal seems possible by establishing communication and increasing interoperability between systems.
In addition, the rapid growth of technology and its acceptance in the fields of health and treatment have led to the use of a set of non-interoperable systems in healthcare organizations over time, so the collection and integration of data from these heterogeneous systems to perform a specific action is forced on users. The use of service-oriented architecture can make significant progress in improving information receipt and sharing. This architecture provides a mechanism that allows organizations to facilitate communication between systems written in different languages and different architectures through these services. Today, the need to cooperate with other healthcare organizations is essential to provide better services. Service-oriented architecture proposes a system design method that enables the reuse and sharing of system resources of healthcare centers. In this architecture, there is no need to re-engineer existing systems, and existing system processes can be integrated with new capabilities and used in the form of services.
Service-oriented architecture is a paradigm for designing and using distributed capabilities that may be owned by different people. The basic idea of service-oriented architecture is to design and implement systems using loosely coupled software services, so that they can be accessed and used through interfaces without knowing how those services are implemented. Web services are a very common form of service-oriented architecture. By overcoming some of the limitations of interoperability, this architecture enables today’s software systems to be integrated using the pervasive structure of the Internet and allows legacy systems to be used over and over again using these services.

Basic eHealth Standards

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